A STUDY OF SALIVA AND CHEEK CELLS DNA EXTRACTION WITH THE USE OF HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS

A STUDY OF SALIVA AND CHEEK CELLS DNA EXTRACTION WITH THE USE OF HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Genomic DNA is an essential kind of nucleic acid that may be extracted for use in scientific study and forensic analysis (Dumache et al, 2016). After the DNA has been extracted in its whole form, the molecule might then be stored for an extended period of time. In the past, clearly defined techniques for the extraction of genomic DNA have been described from a range of tissues including cigarette butts, human skin, blood, muscles, and saliva (Hochmeister et al, 1991; Pepiski et al, 2002).

To accomplish the goals of the research in the most efficient way possible, saliva samples are collected throughout the sample collection process. When compared to blood, saliva has a number of advantages, including the fact that it does not require any special personal protective equipment or anticoagulant vacutainers, that it allows for the remote collection of samples from patients with a variety of pathological diseases, that it does not subject patients to the pain and fear associated with needle injections, that it eliminates the possibility of the researcher suffering an injury from a needle prick, that it is readily accepted by patients for their voluntary participation in research, that it poses a (Dumache et al, 2016; Sweet et al, 1996). There are around 430,000 epithelial cells in one milliliter of saliva, according to some reports (Sweet et al, 1996). As a result, saliva is an excellent specimen for the DNA extraction process, both in terms of its handling and its storage. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that DNA may be extracted without the need of any electronic equipment or costly chemicals designed specifically for research. 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The collection of samples for research purposes can be accomplished using saliva, which is a viable specimen. It has been estimated that saliva contains around 430,000 epithelial cells per milliliter on average. The utilization of electronic equipment might result in significant costs (Dumache et al, 2016). However, there are a number of approaches that are not only affordable but also readily available in the form of commercial kits that can extract DNA from saliva (Sweet et al, 1996). However, the purpose of this research is to investigate the possibility of developing a straightforward, cost-effective, and time-saving technique of extracting DNA from common household chemicals without the use of any electronic apparatus.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary objective of this study is to present the simple, time-saving and cheap method of DNA extraction using daily life household chemicals.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What is the simple, time-saving and cheap method of DNA extraction using household chemicals?

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on collecting samples of NaCl (Oxide), absolute ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), pineapple juice, dish washing liquid as house hold chemicals in extracting DNA from saliva and cheek cells.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

DNA is a molecule with a complex structure that stores and pass­es the genetic in­formation of every living organism on Earth from generation to generation. This study will expose the alternative way of extracting DNA without the help of any electronic equipment using a simple, time-saving and cheap method daily life household chemicals. This study will also add to existing literature on this study ans will serve as reference materials to students, scholars and researchers who may wish to carry out further research on this topic or related area in the future. 

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

DNA: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.

SALIVA: Saliva is a clear liquid made by several glands in your mouth area.

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